MDMA, short for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is an amphetaminelike compound that was first developed by European pharmaceutical giant Merck in 1912 as part of a research program on blood-clotting agents. Shelved for years, it was resynthesized by chemist Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and immortalized in his book PiHKAL, which contains a recipe for MDMA.
Not long after, Shulgin shared the compound with a friend, psychologist Leo Zeff in Oakland, Calif. Zeff and his colleagues began to use MDMA in conjunction with psychotherapy in private practice and noted that their patients were better able to confront emotionally evocative and distressing memories. Within an hour of ingesting the compound, patients could set aside their fears and face recollections of shame and trauma.
TL;DR HOW IT WORKS:
Animal studies showed that MDMA induces a massive release of the neurotransmitter serotonin, a signaling molecule that is an important regulator of mood and affect. Once released into synapses (the small gaps between neurons across which chemical signals pass), serotonin acts on receptors on nearby neurons to improve one’s emotional state. Not only does MDMA cause a serotonin surge, it also prevents the signaling molecule from being reabsorbed into the neurons that secreted it, allowing serotonin to sit in the synapse and signal for longer than usual. This serotonin surge also induces the release of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin from a brain region called the hypothalamus. Both of these hormones are thought to foster interpersonal bonding and feelings of closeness.
SERT = SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER
https://medium.com/amalgamate/how-mdma-works-in-the-brain-13792f2fceb5
Neurotoxity
This is a must read:
MDMA neurotoxicity ultimately happens through oxidation, antioxidants may be able to provide some additional safety margin. An appropriate dose may be 2-4 capsules or tablets of each around the same time that you take the ‘ecstasy’ pills. In one mouse experiment, mice fed a severely vitamin E deficient diet suffered severe neurotoxicity from a dose of MDMA that didn’t noticeably harm mice on a normal (plenty of vitamin E) diet.
https://dancesafe.org/drug-information/is-mdma-neurotoxic/
Best way to consume MDMA is by dissolving it in a glass of warm water. Don’t ever chew on it as it can damage teeth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLxNlxsVmZE
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20420572/
Chemistry / Synthesis
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