The great withdrawal has also continued apace in the religious sphere. According to a Pew Research study, in 2021 a record 29 percent of Americans defined themselves as “nones,” or nonreligious, compared to 16 percent in 2007.17 In the UK, attendance at Church of England services fell by around 20 percent between 2009 and 2019, before plummeting during the pandemic.18 In Italy, the number of people attending church at least once a week declined from 18.4 million in 2006 to less than 10 million in 2023.19